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Bishop Auckland (UK Parliament constituency)

Coordinates: 54°41′N 1°50′W / 54.68°N 1.83°W / 54.68; -1.83
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bishop Auckland
County constituency
for the House of Commons
Map
Boundaries since 2024
Map of constituency
Boundary of Bishop Auckland in the North East England
CountyCounty Durham
Population87,143 (2011 census)[1]
Electorate70,879 (2023)[2]
Major settlementsBishop Auckland, Shildon, Barnard Castle, Spennymoor
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentSam Rushworth (Labour)
SeatsOne
Created fromSouth Durham

Bishop Auckland is a constituency in County Durham that is represented in the House of Commons since 2024 by Sam Rushworth of the Labour Party.

Constituency profile

[edit]

The constituency is located in an upland, western part of County Durham in the North East of England.

The constituency includes as its major settlements the towns of Barnard Castle, Bishop Auckland, Shildon, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Crook, Tow Law, Stanhope and Wolsingham, with their surrounding villages, dales and fields. The seat is named for the market town of Bishop Auckland which has a mixed modern and historic high street. It also includes the similarly sized Barnard Castle, together with large areas used for agriculture, particularly hill farming on the rolling landscape that cuts into the Pennines, with a substantial quantity of livestock.[3] Most housing, many small towns and most facilities were built in the prosperous era of coal mining which brought thousands of workers to live in Bishop Auckland town and neighbouring settlements. Manufacturing, including food processing and packaging, public sector employment, retail and agriculture are the main employers.[3]

Within the seat are Auckland Castle and Park, Lartington Hall, Witton Castle, Raby Castle, Binchester Roman Fort (Vinovia), The Bowes Museum, the Weardale Railway and enclosures and industrial workings on Cockfield Fell.[4]

History

[edit]
Results since 1900.

From 1935 to 2017 inclusive, the seat's voters returned MPs from the Labour Party; the former Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Dalton, was the MP for Bishop Auckland from 1929 to 1931, and after regaining the seat in 1935, remained an MP until 1959. The 2019 result returned a Conservative; the party's results had shown an increase from election to election from 2001 onwards, going from 20% of the vote in the previous 1997 election to a majority of votes at 53% in 2019. However, this was reversed in 2024 when the Conservative vote dropped back down to 25.6% and Labour regained the seat.

Boundaries

[edit]
Map
Map of 1997-2024 boundaries

1885–1918

[edit]
  • Part of the Sessional Division of Bishop Auckland.[5]

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 as one of eight new single-member divisions of the county of Durham, replacing the two 2-member seats of North Durham and South Durham. See map on Vision of Britain website.[6]

1918–1950

[edit]
  • The Urban Districts of Bishop Auckland and Shildon; and
  • part of the Rural District of Auckland.[7][8]

Gained parts of Barnard Castle, offset by losses to the new constituencies of Sedgefield and Spennymoor.

1950–1955

[edit]
  • The Urban Districts of Barnard Castle, Bishop Auckland, and Shildon; and
  • the Rural District of Barnard Castle.[9]

The urban and rural districts of Barnard Castle transferred from the abolished constituency thereof.

1955–1974

[edit]

As above, except the part of the Middridge ward transferred to the Rural District of Darlington by the County of Durham (Parish of Great Aycliffe) Confirmation Order 1952 (Statutory Instrument 1953/741).[9]

1974–1983

[edit]
  • The Urban Districts of Barnard Castle, Bishop Auckland, and Shildon; and
  • the Rural Districts of Barnard Castle and Darlington.[10]

Gained the rural district of Darlington (which contained the new town of Newton Aycliffe) from the abolished constituency of Sedgefield.

1983–1997

[edit]

Rural areas around Darlington returned to the re-established Sedgefield constituency.

1997–2024

[edit]
  • The District of Wear Valley wards of Bishop Auckland Town, Cockton Hill, Coundon, Coundon Grange, Escomb, Henknowle, St Helen's, West Auckland, and Woodhouse Close;
  • the District of Teesdale; and
  • the District of Sedgefield wards of Byerley, Low Spennymoor and Tudhoe Grange, Middlestone, Spennymoor, Sunnydale, Thickley, and Tudhoe.[12][13]

Gained Spennymoor from Sedgefield in exchange for Newton Aycliffe.

Following a review of parliamentary representation in County Durham in 2007, the Boundary Commission for England made no changes to the Bishop Auckland constituency. In the 2009 structural changes to local government in England, the local authority districts in Durham were abolished and replaced with a single unitary authority; however, this did not affect the boundaries of the constituency.

2024–present

[edit]

Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the 2024 general election, the constituency is composed of the following electoral divisions of the County of Durham (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

  • Barnard Castle East; Barnard Castle West; Bishop Auckland Town; Coundon; Crook; Evenwood; Shildon and Dene Valley; Tow Law; Weardale; West Auckland; Woodhouse Close.[14]

The constituency experienced significant boundary changes with, Spennymoor and Tudhoe being transferred to the new constituency of Newton Aycliffe and Spennymoor, and Crook, Tow Law and Weardale being added from the abolished constituency of North West Durham.

Members of Parliament

[edit]
Election Member[15] Party
1885 James Mellor Paulton Liberal
Jan. 1910 Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, Bt. Liberal
1918 Ben Spoor Labour
1929 by-election Ruth Dalton Labour
1929 Hugh Dalton Labour
1931 Aaron Curry Liberal National
1935 Hugh Dalton Labour
1959 James Boyden Labour
1979 Derek Foster Labour
2005 Helen Goodman Labour
2019 Dehenna Davison Conservative
2024 Sam Rushworth Labour

Elections

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Elections in the 2020s

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General election 2024: Bishop Auckland[16][17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Sam Rushworth 17,036 42.1 +5.5
Conservative Jane MacBean 10,364 25.6 −27.4
Reform UK Rhys Burris 9,466 23.4 +17.9
Green Sarah Hannan 1,857 4.6 +4.0
Liberal Democrats Helen Cross 1,373 3.4 −0.2
Transform Rachel Maughan 331 0.8 N/A
Majority 6,672 16.5
Turnout 40,427 57.1
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 2010s

[edit]
General election 2019: Bishop Auckland[18][19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Dehenna Davison 24,067 53.7 +6.8
Labour Helen Goodman 16,105 35.9 −12.2
Brexit Party Nicholas Brown 2,500 5.6 N/A
Liberal Democrats Ray Georgeson 2,133 4.8 +2.1
Majority 7,962 17.8 N/A
Turnout 44,805 65.7 +1.7
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +9.5
General election 2017: Bishop Auckland[20][21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Helen Goodman 20,808 48.1 +6.7
Conservative Christopher Adams[22] 20,306 46.9 +14.4
Liberal Democrats Ciaran Morrissey 1,176 2.7 −1.7
BNP Adam Walker 991 2.3 N/A
Majority 502 1.2 −7.7
Turnout 43,281 64.1 +4.5
Labour hold Swing -3.85
General election 2015: Bishop Auckland[23][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Helen Goodman 16,307 41.4 +2.4
Conservative Christopher Adams 12,799 32.5 +6.2
UKIP Rhys Burriss 7,015 17.8 +15.1
Liberal Democrats Stephen White 1,723 4.4 −18.0
Green Thom Robinson 1,545 3.9 N/A
Majority 3,508 8.9 −3.8
Turnout 39,389 59.6 −0.6
Labour hold Swing -1.9
General election 2010: Bishop Auckland[25][26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Helen Goodman 16,023 39.0 −11.1
Conservative Barbara Harrison 10,805 26.3 +3.4
Liberal Democrats Mark Wilkes 9,189 22.3 −1.3
BNP Adam Walker 2,036 4.9 N/A
Local Liberals People Before Politics Sam Zair 1,964 4.8 N/A
UKIP Dave Brothers 1,119 2.7 −0.7
Majority 5,218 12.7 −13.7
Turnout 41,136 60.2 +4.0
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 2000s

[edit]
General election 2005: Bishop Auckland[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Helen Goodman 19,065 50.0 −8.8
Liberal Democrats Chris Foote Wood 9,018 23.7 +8.0
Conservative Richard Bell 8,736 22.9 +0.2
UKIP Margaret Hopson 1,309 3.4 N/A
Majority 10,047 26.3 −9.8
Turnout 38,128 56.5 −0.7
Labour hold Swing
General election 2001: Bishop Auckland[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Derek Foster 22,680 58.8 −7.1
Conservative Fiona P. McNish 8,754 22.7 +2.5
Liberal Democrats Chris Foote Wood 6,073 15.7 +6.4
Green Carl D. Bennett 1,052 2.7 N/A
Majority 13,926 36.1 −9.6
Turnout 38,559 57.2 −11.2
Labour hold Swing −4.8

Elections in the 1990s

[edit]
General election 1997: Bishop Auckland[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Derek Foster 30,359 65.9
Conservative Josephine H. Fergus 9,295 20.2
Liberal Democrats Les Ashworth 4,293 9.3
Referendum David Blacker 2,104 4.6
Majority 21,064 45.7
Turnout 46,051 68.4
Labour hold Swing
General election 1992: Bishop Auckland[30][31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Derek Foster 27,763 50.0 +2.0
Conservative David R. Williamson 17,676 31.8 −3.0
Liberal Democrats William P. Wade 10,099 18.2 +1.0
Majority 10,087 18.2 +5.0
Turnout 55,538 76.5 +2.4
Labour hold Swing +2.5

Elections in the 1980s

[edit]
General election 1987: Bishop Auckland[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Derek Foster 25,648 48.0 +3.6
Conservative Robin Wight 18,613 34.8 −1.2
Liberal George Irwin 9,195 17.2 −2.4
Majority 7,035 13.2 +4.8
Turnout 53,456 74.1 +2.0
Labour hold Swing +2.4
General election 1983: Bishop Auckland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Derek Foster 22,750 44.4
Conservative Barry Legg 18,444 36.0
Liberal Arthur Collinge 10,070 19.6
Majority 4,306 8.4
Turnout 51,264 72.1
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s

[edit]
General election 1979: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Derek Foster 27,200 48.8 −4.0
Conservative Michael Irvine 21,160 38.0 +6.7
Liberal J.D. Frise 7,439 13.3 −2.6
Majority 6,040 10.8 −11.7
Turnout 55,799 74.7 +3.8
Labour hold Swing −5.4
General election October 1974: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James Boyden 27,181 52.8 +4.7
Conservative D.W. Etheridge 16,086 31.3 −2.8
Liberal David Lytton Cobbold 8,168 15.9 −1.9
Majority 11,095 21.5 +7.5
Turnout 51,435 70.9 −7.5
Labour hold Swing +3.8
General election February 1974: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James Boyden 27,101 48.1 −12.6
Conservative D.W. Etheridge 19,226 34.1 −5.2
Liberal J.D. Frise 10,044 17.8 N/A
Majority 7,875 14.0 −7.4
Turnout 56,371 78.4 +7.4
Labour hold Swing −3.7
General election 1970: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James Boyden 21,257 60.7 −4.1
Conservative Tom J. Wiseman 13,769 39.3 +4.1
Majority 7,488 21.4 −8.2
Turnout 35,026 71.0 −2.4
Labour hold Swing −4.1

Elections in the 1960s

[edit]
General election 1966: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James Boyden 22,015 64.8 +3.0
Conservative Jeremy Vivian Ropner 11,936 35.2 −3.0
Majority 10,079 29.6 +6.0
Turnout 33,951 73.4 −3.2
Labour hold Swing +3.0
General election 1964: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James Boyden 22,310 61.8 +6.8
Conservative Jeremy Vivian Ropner 13,782 38.2 +4.3
Majority 8,528 23.6 +2.5
Turnout 36,092 76.2 −4.6
Labour hold Swing +1.3

Elections in the 1950s

[edit]
General election 1959: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James Boyden 21,706 55.0 −2.7
Conservative Neil W. Murray 13,377 33.9 −8.4
Liberal Gurney Pease 4,377 11.1 N/A
Majority 8,329 21.1 +5.7
Turnout 39,460 80.8 +3.8
Labour hold Swing +2.9
General election 1955: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Dalton 21,804 57.7
Conservative Robert Douglas M Youngson 15,959 42.3
Majority 5,845 15.4
Turnout 37,763 77.0
Labour hold Swing
General election 1951: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Dalton 25,881 60.5 +2.6
Conservative Bruce Lionel Butcher 16,895 39.5 +7.9
Majority 8,986 21.0 −5.3
Turnout 42,776 85.1 −1.4
Labour hold Swing −5.3
General election 1950: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Dalton 25,039 57.9
Conservative Antony Lambton 13,669 31.6
Liberal Louis William Malby 4,527 10.5
Majority 11,370 26.3
Turnout 43,235 86.5
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1940s

[edit]
General election 1945: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Dalton 20,100 64.1 +1.8
National Liberal William John Wilson Tily 11,240 35.9 N/A
Majority 8,860 28.2 +3.6
Turnout 31,340 74.0 −5.2
Labour hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1930s

[edit]
General election 1935: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Dalton 20,481 62.3 +13.7
Liberal Aaron Curry 12,395 37.7 −13.7
Majority 8,086 24.6 +21.8
Turnout 32,876 79.2 −3.2
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
General election 1931: Bishop Auckland[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Liberal Aaron Curry 17,751 51.4 N/A
Labour Hugh Dalton 16,796 48.6 −7.2
Majority 955 2.8 N/A
Turnout 34,547 82.5 +6.0
National Liberal gain from Labour Swing

Elections in the 1920s

[edit]
General election 1929: Bishop Auckland[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Hugh Dalton 17,838 55.8 +0.7
Liberal Aaron Curry 9,635 30.1 −14.8
Unionist Herbert Thompson 4,503 14.1 N/A
Majority 8,203 25.7 +15.5
Turnout 31,976 76.5 −4.4
Registered electors 41,772
Labour hold Swing +7.8
Bishop Auckland by-election, 1929
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ruth Dalton 14,797 57.1 +2.0
Liberal Aaron Curry 7,725 29.9 −15.0
Unionist Herbert Thompson 3,357 13.0 N/A
Majority 7,072 27.2 +17.0
Turnout 25,879 74.4 −6.5
Registered electors 34,787
Labour hold Swing +8.5
General election 1924: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ben Spoor 15,786 55.1 +3.9
Liberal John Bainbridge 12,868 44.9 +19.2
Majority 2,918 10.2 −15.3
Turnout 28,654 80.9 +5.4
Registered electors 35,438
Labour hold Swing −7.7
General election 1923: Bishop Auckland[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ben Spoor 13,328 51.2 −2.5
Liberal John Bainbridge 6,686 25.7 −20.6
Unionist Robert Gee 6,024 23.1 N/A
Majority 6,642 25.5 +18.1
Turnout 26,038 75.5 +0.7
Registered electors 34,487
Labour hold Swing +9.1
General election 1922: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ben Spoor 13,946 53.7 +3.1
National Liberal Egbert Atherley-Jones 12,019 46.3 N/A
Majority 1,927 7.4 −5.9
Turnout 25,965 74.8 +14.0
Registered electors 34,730
Labour hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1910s

[edit]
Rutherford
General election 1918: Bishop Auckland
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ben Spoor 10,060 50.6
C National Liberal Godfrey Vick 7,417 37.3
Liberal Vickerman Rutherford 2,411 12.1
Majority 2,643 13.3
Turnout 19,888 60.8
Labour gain from Liberal Swing
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

General Election 1914–15: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

General election December 1910: Bishop Auckland[38][39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Henry Havelock-Allan 4,531 37.6 −4.5
Labour William House 3,993 33.2 +5.3
Conservative Gervase Edward Markham 3,519 29.2 −0.8
Majority 538 4.4 −7.7
Turnout 12,043 82.8 −5.2
Registered electors 14,552
Liberal hold Swing −4.9
General election January 1910: Bishop Auckland[38][39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Henry Havelock-Allan 5,391 42.1 −28.8
Conservative Walter Chaytor 3,841 30.0 +0.9
Labour William House 3,579 27.9 N/A
Majority 1,550 12.1 −29.7
Turnout 12,811 88.0 +6.0
Registered electors 14,552
Liberal hold Swing −14.9

Elections in the 1900s

[edit]
General election 1906: Bishop Auckland[38][40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Mellor Paulton 7,430 70.9 +13.7
Conservative Gervase Edward Markham 3,056 29.1 −13.7
Majority 4,374 41.8 +27.4
Turnout 10,486 82.0 +6.9
Registered electors 12,790
Liberal hold Swing +13.7
General election 1900: Bishop Auckland[38][40][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Mellor Paulton 4,872 57.2 −0.2
Conservative William Hustler Hopkins 3,641 42.8 +0.2
Majority 1,231 14.4 −0.4
Turnout 8,513 75.1 −4.8
Registered electors 11,341
Liberal hold Swing −0.2

Elections in the 1890s

[edit]
Paulton
General election 1895: Bishop Auckland[38][40][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Mellor Paulton 5,032 57.4 −11.5
Conservative Gervase Edward Markham 3,735 42.6 +11.5
Majority 1,297 14.8 −23.0
Turnout 8,767 79.9 +5.3
Registered electors 10,979
Liberal hold Swing -11.5
General election 1892: Bishop Auckland[38][40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Mellor Paulton 5,784 68.9
Conservative Eli Waddington 2,607 31.1
Majority 3,177 37.8
Turnout 8,391 74.6
Liberal hold Swing

Elections in the 1880s

[edit]
General election 1886: Bishop Auckland[38][40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Mellor Paulton Unopposed
Liberal hold
Wyvill
General election 1885: Bishop Auckland[38][40][42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Mellor Paulton 5,907 72.2
Conservative Marmaduke D'Arcy Wyvill 2,280 27.8
Majority 3,627 44.4
Turnout 8,187 83.0
Liberal win (new seat)

See also

[edit]

Notes

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Bishop Auckland: Usual Resident Population, 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  2. ^ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – North East". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Local statistics – Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  4. ^ "Ordnance Survey map, courtesy of English Heritage". Archived from the original on 24 April 2012.
  5. ^ "Redistribution of Seats Act 1885". Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports. pp. 155–156.
  6. ^ "HMSO Boundary Commission Report 1885, Durham".
  7. ^ Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885–1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. p. 10. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.
  8. ^ "Representation of the People Act 1918". 1918. p. 496.
  9. ^ a b Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885–1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. p. 58. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.
  10. ^ Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885–1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. p. 129. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.
  11. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983" (PDF). p. 22.
  12. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995". In the County of Durham.
  13. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007". In Durham and Darlington.
  14. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 4 North East region.
  15. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "B" (part 3)
  16. ^ "Statement of Persons Nominated - Bishop Auckland Constituency" (PDF). Durham County Council. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  17. ^ "Bishop Auckland - General election results 2024". BBC News. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  18. ^ Collins, Terry (14 November 2019). "Statement of persons nominated, notice of poll and situation of polling stations. Election of a Member of Parliament for Bishop Auckland Constituency" (PDF). Durham County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  19. ^ "Commons Briefing Paper 8749. General Election 2019: results and analysis" (PDF). London: House of Commons Library. 28 January 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  20. ^ Collins, Terry (17 May 2017). "Statement of persons nominated, notice of poll and situation of polling stations. Election of a Member of Parliament for Bishop Auckland Constituency" (PDF). Durham County Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  21. ^ "Commons Briefing Paper 7979. General Election 2017: results and analysis" (PDF) (Second ed.). House of Commons Library. 29 January 2019 [7 April 2018]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2019.
  22. ^ "General election 2017: latest updates". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  23. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  24. ^ "Bishop Auckland". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  25. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  26. ^ http://www.durham.gov.uk/PDFApproved/ParliamentaryElection2010_SoPN_BA.pdf[permanent dead link]
  27. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  28. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  29. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  30. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  31. ^ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  32. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  33. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  34. ^ Political Science Resources, Richard Kimber
  35. ^ British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Fred W. S. Craig Parliamentary Research Services, 1983
  36. ^ British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-49, FWS Craig
  37. ^ Newcastle Journal 14 May 1914
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, FWS Craig
  39. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  40. ^ a b c d e f The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  41. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  42. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886

Sources

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54°41′N 1°50′W / 54.68°N 1.83°W / 54.68; -1.83

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